nationalism and self- determination

pg 198 


Whats the issue& perspectives?


The issue that they are talking about is whether or not Quebec should be recognized as a a separate nation. What the three perspectives are saying are the following:

• Stephen Harper

Stephen Harper believes that the true intention of the Bloc leader is not to recognize Quebecois at all, and the issue is not Quebec being a nation but separation. He believes that to them the term "nation" is just another word for separation. He Knows that Quebecois want to be independent, but they don't want to be independent from Canada. , and they never will want to.

Stephen Harper making a important speech.

• Clement Chartier 

Clement Chartier is the president of the Metis national council and he is speaking about the Metis supporting the recognition of Quebecois as a nation. He is saying that he values Canada's diversity and he believes that the diversity  and recognition of distinct nations within Canada are the reason why our  bonds to Canada are so strong. In Canada we have been recognized protected by the constitution and if we keep in mind this you need to make sure you understand that this diversity is important.

Clement Chartier

• Phil Fontaine

Phil Fontaine believes that the First nations have a right to be self governed and under the Canadian law and they should be able to continue living and developing their own distinct cultures, and languages.

Phil Fontaine

Should Quebec be considered a nation? 

in my opinion i think that Quebec should be considered its own nation. for one, they have their own separate language and history shows that it has been a major issue in the past. if Quebec did become their own nation they would no longer face these issues and their own law regarding the French language. the language also creates barriers in their communication since they are expected to know English as their second language. also, Quebec being its own nation would allow them to handle their own affairs and have their own laws. the the government handles Canada's affairs is not necessarily the best decisions for Quebec. being their own nation would allow them to rule out laws and put in new ones that make sense for themselves.



Canada's Diversity


i think the meaning of Canada's diversity as referred to by as Clement Chartier means that Canada is a very multicultural and a diverse nation. In this nation all of our rights have been recognized and protected by the constitution, and its under these set of rules that is the base of our bond to Canada. This ties into self determination because in a place where you have rights to make your own decisions and the government acknowledges that right, then you should have a right to control you own affairs and by having that choice i feel like more and more people may consider self determination.

To what extend can ultranationalism lead to crimes against humanity, war crimes, and/or Genocide?

DEFINITIONS:

ultra nationalism can be defined as having a perfect image of your nation and doing whatever it takes in order to fulfill that ambition or desire that they have. 

Crimes against humanity are widespread or systemic attacks against a civilian population including murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, imprisonment, torture,rape or sexual slavery etc...

War crimes willful killing, torture or inhuman treatment; willfully causing great suffering and intentionally directing attacks against a civilian population or against those who are involved in a humanitarian or peacekeeping mission. 

Genocide the killing of members of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group. Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group deliberately inflicting on the group condition of life calculated to being about its physical destruction. 

HOW CAN ULTRANATIONALISM LEAD TO CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY, WAR CRIMES AND/OR GENOCIDE??

When you take a look at ultranationalism and crimes against humanity you can quickly see that in the majority of cases ultranationalism does lead to crimes against humanity, war crimes and that these concepts are interconnected. some examples that prove this statement could be, Genocide in Turkey, Famine in Ukraine, and the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki-1945.

The Famine in Ukraine  (1932-1933)

Genocide in Turkey 1915

 The main religion in Turkey was Islam, but under the Ottoman empire there was still a minority of Armenians that were still there in Turkey and practised there religion. These Armenians that had chosen to affirm their identity had faced discrimination from the Turkish people who didn't want the Turkish people to practise there religion. things started getting worse in the late 1800's when some of the Armenians thought that it would be a good idea to fight for self determination. The Turkish people lost this fight, and along with this came another outcome which was the killing of Armenians by the Turks. then in 1914 an ultra nationalist party issued the 'ten commandments'. the ten commandments  included the following: 

• Exterminate males under 50, priests, and teachers but leave the girls and children to be islamized.
• families who succeeded in escaping would have all form of connection cut off them from their native place.
• kill all Armenians in the army

the ultra nationalism in the Turkish people led them to have a perfect image of their nation which in this case included having no Armenians. The Turkish people where so blinded by this unrealistic "perfect" nation that they started killing all Armenians and didn't even think once about what they were doing was wrong.

Genocide in turkey

Famine in Ukraine( 1932-1933)

Most of Ukraine was ruled by Russia for about almost 150 years. After the Russian revolution, Ukraine tried to declare independence, but were unsuccessful. The Ukrainians farmland was a huge part of them and the farmers were  one of the strongest supporters for independence. In the late 1920's when Joseph Stalin took control of the Soviet union the first thing that he did was take the Ukrainians farmland. Stalin said that the farm land was to belong to the state and that they had to work on collective farms. The Ukrainian farmers did not like this and did much to resist like to burn there crops and kill livestock, rather than giving up the farm land itself. What Stalin then did fed up  was that he started shipping the Ukrainian wheat to Russia to be sold in foreign markets and to increase on cash, which Stalin wanted for the union. He sealed the Ukraine's borders which meant that no one could go out and buy food and no food would be getting in. Anyone caught hiding crops, grains  or not co-operating with Stalin was executed, or deported to labour camps. By the end of 1933 granaries of the soviet were full of wheat, but three to seven million Ukrainians had starved to death or were killed by soviet authorities. Not many people also knew what was happening because the soviet authorities censored newspapers,and while Ukrainians were dying Stalin was getting praised in the newspapers, and saying that people should join the soviet Union.

Wheat burning. many Ukrainian farmers burned their crops just so they didn't have to give in their farmland. 

Ukrainian women starving for food, in this case wheat.

Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945)

policies were made to support national interest. Many people argued that dropping the atom bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki back in 1945 was the united states national interest .The U.S president Harry S. Truman finally made a decision and the decision was to drop a bomb , because he thought that it was important to end the war and save as many lives as possible. The plan was to drop the bomb and completely destroy  all of japans enterprises that included, docks, factories, and communication systems.  some of the creators of the bomb thought that it would be useful to show a little demonstration to show the Japanese leaders that these weapons are actually dangerous. General Dwight D. Eisenhower who would later would go on to be president disagreed to this and was uncertain about the decision to drop the bomb because he believed that Japan was already defeated. 

Atomic Bomb in Hiroshima 

Cemetery in Hiroshima in which holds the remains of the millions that died on August 6 1945 due to the atomic bomb. 

Ultra nationalism...

What is Ultra nationalism?


Ultra-nationalism can be defined as an extreme form of nationalism. Ultra-nationalists are usually fanatically loyal to there own nation and hostile and racist toward other nations.Some examples of Ultra-nationalists could include Nazi-Germany, Hitler, Stalin-Russia, Martin Luther King Jr.and so on.

 Hitler and the rise of Nazi Germany also propaganda. 

Stalin-Russia. Another example of ultra-nationalism and propaganda.

How does Ultra nationalism Develop?
some factors for ultra-nationalism to develop are: countries in crisis, charismatic leaders,ultranationalist views and values.

When you look at all the example of ultra-nationalism you find that they all have one thing in common. That one thing that they have in common is a single person and that persons vision, ambition or desire to have a perfect nation. That once person will lead  to ultra-nationalism to develop, because they will make sure that, that dream that they have comes true, and they will do anything to make sure that it does come true. You can take for Martin Luther King Jr. He used his ' have a dream' speech to achieve his desire.

Martin Luther King Jr. giving his well known charismatic ''I have a dream'' speech, that is  still remembered till this day.

Below is a video of Martin Luther King Jr. giving his speech.

Another example is Hitler and the Nazi- Germany ultra-nationalists development who used very strong power to get what he wanted. After the treaty of Versailles had been signed. In the treaty there was a war guilt clause that basically blamed everything on the Germans. They were blamed for everything and even alienated due to the reason that the Germans had lost some of there land due to this clause. This alienation and this sense of defeat you could say developed ultra-nationalism. This defeat for the German race developed a certain rage inside the Germans, and Hitler used this rage, this desire to regain the land that they lost and in a way the respect that they lost, and formed the Nazi group. he used propaganda to convey his message to capture the attention of others and use them and there emotions to get what he wanted.

Hitler giving a speech to a crowd.

above is a video of Hitler making a speech. in this video you can see a lot of ultra nationalism.

 The video above. is a great way to show ultra-nationalism. Adolf Hitler was a very alluring speaker, and that charisma is what got that attention of the audience and made Hitler a ultranationalist. 

The war guilt clause from the treaty of Versailles, that can be considered a starting point to ultra nationalism in Germany.

How have People Responded to Ultra nationalism?

Ultra-nationalism has and effect on everything in a country, social, economic, cultural, spiritual- the main thing is that it doesn't only have an effect on one thing. Ultra-nationalist should be considered weak human beings because they target the fear or people and manipulate people by propaganda spreading hatred. around the world civics have found it very hard trying to over come extreme nationalists values and beliefs. ..

some ways people respond to ultra-nationalism are the following:

• Appeasement
• War

APPEASEMENT

Is basically just giving into demands. That's what Germany did when they signed the treaty of Versailles. Germany kept expanding at rapid rates  and in 1938 the British, french, and Italian Prime minister's decided to meet Hitler. Before the World war I Germany was in control over this region, but due to the treaty of Versailles they had to give it up. Hitler promised not to expand anymore and the takeover went without with problems.as you now, not everyone was for this idea of appeasement and one of these people were Winston Churchill . He thought that appeasement would fail, and in the end he war right it did fail. 

Above is a picture of the expansion of Germany

WAR

September 19 1939 was the day that Hitler invaded Poland. This was also the time when poor Britain and France realized that the appeasement was not entirely working as they had hoped, and what this lead to war another world war. World war II had begun on September third when the 2 countries declared war on Germany, later on it was confirmed on September tenth that Canada would also be at war. Causing the death of many civilians, and soldiers yet once again.

Britain and France at war with Germany

soldiers getting ready once again to fight for their nations during world war II

Well there you have it ! What is ultra-nationalism, how does it develop and how have people responded to it?

Chapter 5 Vocab

Yo yo yo!
Chapter 5 vocab is all you need to know
The words are quite simple
Easy and Quick
Without a doubt you'll know them in a click
National interest is for the people
Where everyone's interest should be equal
Where in a society there are peace keepers
Keeping us safe
Until a negotiation can be made
The next word means armed forces maintaining peace
In a way that crime doesn't increase
Everyone I'm talking about peacemaking
K! Now lets move on to a policy---
Plan of action to guide of influence decisions
There are 2 different policies, so we avoid collision
Domestic policy is a decision about what to do in a country
Including laws and fees
Foreign Policy is a decision about relations of other countries
Becoming friends and maybe even opening new opportunities
Last but definitely not least
We move to gross domestic products
You wanna know what it means?
A years of value of goods n services produced in a country honestly
There you have all the vocabulary
Which in your head you should now carry
Until next time I guess you'll see
Manvir and Nicky
PEACE!

How have people reconciled Nationalist and non-nationalist loyalties

Nationalist and non-nationalist loyalties can be a burden choice for people to make occasionally. As people are all different, so are the ways people deal with their contending loyalties. Some general ways to reconcile  these loyalties are:

• just to accept that your loyalties are going to be contending
• Physically make a decision on which is more important\
• CHANGE or bring change to your nation

ACCEPT
The easiest way can sometimes be the hardest. Accepting to be not be involved can can one way people reconcile these nationalist and non nationalist  loyalties. These people just really gave up and don't really have that much say or if they have an opinion they don't express their concern in a verbal way. Basically they accept that there loyalties will be contending and they have decided that there is no other way rather than to live with, or fight it. Mentally and physically just accepting that you have loyalties that contend seems like an easy way out, but sometimes just accepting and forgetting can be the hardest thing to do.

this Photo could represent how the people who accept don't really say anything and in a way don't have a voice.

DECISION TIME!
Others tend to make a decision on which is more important. This method of reconciliation can potentially lead to people loosing apart of their identity, and a feeling of alienation. Alienation is the feeling of being left out or being on the outside. For example, In china the government had outlawed religious and spiritual practices. Some people in china decided to follow this law and stopped practicing there religion and cultural practices.and others disobeyed this law and practiced there religion in secret because they wanted that to be apart of their lives.Another example is, Michalee Jean is a francophone form Quebec and she also is Canada's Governor general.And when she was asked to become Governor general she gave up her french citizenship for her Canadian citizenship so no one she would be more loyal to Canada.

decision making.  and contending loyalties ( evil and bad)

CHANGE

The last thing that you can do is accept your contending loyalties and try to make change in the way your nation sees those loyalties. Take for example Baltej Singh Dhillon. Mr. Dhillon challenged the traditional RCMP dress code that has the traditional RCMP hat. He decided that he would not take off his turban for the hat so he looked at his options and got an reasonable accommodation. a reasonable accommodation is a legal and constitutional concept that requires Canadian public  institutions to adopt to the religious and cultural practices of minorities , as long as these practices do not violate constitutional rights and freedoms.


 examples of reasonable accommodation and bringing change to the nation itself.



• Sense of belonging:

segregation is the forced separation of racial groups. in 1975 there 8 black teenagers that became the first group of blacks to attend a all white school. The white students were all angered by this movement and taunted the blacks. they were treated very poorly, spat on and abused but a black student named Brown Trickey, did not act violently and slowly she acted strongly. though she was expelled she did go on and complete her bachelor of arts, got married moved to Canada continued her education and fought for a variety of causes.


Diversity and multiculturalism



• religious freedoms

The Canadian charter of rights and freedom gives each and every individual in Canada freedoms of religious rights. though it it stated sometimes civics do not get this right which they deserve. In 2003, in Alberta it is mandatory for you to have your photo taken for your drivers licence. but some people believe that in the bible it prohibits them from having their photo taken. Now if they took their photo then they would go against their religious beliefs, but on the other hand they would not be able to drive. So these individuals challenged the Alberta law and took it to court arguing that taking there picture would violate their religious freedoms. The court agreed and there picture was not taken for their driver licence.



religious freedoms.



how do nationalist loyalties share peoples choices?

the ways that the nationalist loyalties share peoples choices are the following:

• Loyalties and choices

loyalties and choices kind of go hand in hand. when you are faced to make a choice sometimes loyalties can affect your decision. sometimes those choices can be simple ones and sometimes more. Take for example if you are asked to do drugs by your friend. On one hand your friend is one of your best Friends and you don't want to lose them. so you kind have a difficult decision you could not do drugs and be healthy, or you could do drugs and not risk loosing a friend.The bottom line is that you are going to have to make a decision and in this case it would be better to loose a friend that may influence you in wrong terms then to not do that.

LOYALTY AND RESPECT

• patriotism and loyalty

Patriotism is when you are ready to die for you country  and fight for it. in a way loyalty is an aspect of patriotism.

Sydney Crosby. all though he plays for the Pittsburgh penguins he is being loyal to Canada and playing for the Canadian team for the winter Olympics.

• Nationalist loyalties and choices

Examples of this would be Canadian soldiers that served on Afghanistan. other examples could be that if you are loyal to the Sikh community then you could attend the Sikh parade which happens every year. Others could include Quebecois nation attending parades, going to church or even in the Muslim religion if you fast then you are considered loyal and are giving back to their good Allah.

this above is the Sikh community participating in their annual parade of the Punjabi religion

• How co tending loyalties can affect choices

contending loyalties are loyalties that compete. Choosing can be difficult but once again a choice must be made. For example You brother is graduating high school and on the same day of the banquet you friend is throwing a smashing party where all the cool kids are going to be. what do you choose?????? You have to make a choice, and that choice might disappoint one of your fellow companions..

External factors that shaped french nationalism

There have said to be 5 factors that shaped the French Nationalism. those factors are the following:

• Historical

As we know there is no single factor that has lead to French Nationalism.One of the factors are Historical factors, in this category there are some historical factors that helped shape the French Revolution, but one factor that stands out was the Bastille. The Bastille was a prison where the king Louis XVI brutally tortured the civics of France for disagreeing and disobeying what he had to say. July 14 1789 was a historical day because the third Estate got about 600 people and together they demolished the Bastille. The destroying of the Bastille lead the french people to for the first time stand up for themselves against the king and his nobles. These events are now marked as a substantial day in French history because it was a major turning point. The destroying of the Bastille is now celebrated every year on July 14 as a French holiday :)

This is the French Civics destroying the Bastille

• Social

Social factors are another thing that affected the French nationalism. Everyone thought that they should be included in decisions and have power, but as we know France was divided by the old regime rule. The first and second Estates were more powerful and had the most say in decision making, while the third Estate had no say and had to pay taxes. the bourgeoisie contributed greatly to social factors because they were traders and also well educated. This meant that they could find information about other countries. For example, the bourgeoisie heard that in Britain the power of the monarch had been overthrown and limited; they had also heard the in Britain American colonies a revolutionary war took place which lead to a independent republic.These bourgeoisie came back to France and shared this information with the civics, which gave them new ideas and changed their perspectives on what a nation should be.


above shows the Bourgeoisie

• Economic

The economy impacted French nationalism in a extreme way. Before the revolution France was in great debt and were heading toward bankruptcy and during the time King Louie had no choice but to call the Estates General for help. King Louis's plan to get the Estates General to approve his new taxes was declined and instead the third estate because determined to take over. As a group they self proclaimed themselves as the National Assembly and created the Tennis Court Oath which enforced that the third estate were the only people to represent France.

This photo shows the people of the third estate coming together and creating the Tennis Court  Oath.

• Geographic 

Geographic factors that effected France in two ways; the weather and Marie Antoinette. Near the time of the revolution France experienced freezing winters, floods, and drought which all impacted grain crops severely. French farmers were unable to grow good quality grain which later resulted in a shortage of bread. The shortage of bread made bread an item of value since it was a big part of the French civics diet and the more value it had the higher the price of bread was raised. The angry and starving citizens began to riot and attack wagons which carried grain in order to survive. Marie Antoinette, coming from a Austrian background, was also a geographic factor. She was hated by many because she came from the land of the enemy and was considered a foreigner to French civics. Many of them even blamed Marie for the bread shortage and Frances economical problems because she used to buy fancy things and these assumptions led rioters to believe she had replied "let them eat cake" when she was asked what the people of France who could not afford bread are expected to do.

This image is a representation of the rioter in France angry about the bread shortage. 

• Political

Once the revolution had taken place the people that supported the Royals all had fled away. Other countries feared that what had happened to France could have happened to them. As a result of this fear countries they sent forces to go and invade France trying to prevent the monarchy to be overthrown. In France all the revolutionaries fought the invasions, and they eventually executed Louis XVI and the Queen, Marie Antoinette in 1793.Some People in France did not agree with the revolution that was taking place . They were terrified with the gory events that were taking place. This time in the French revolution was called the "Reign Of Terror. During this time you could almost get executed for anything. There was no trust, but fear everywhere. Friends were bailing out friends, neighbours spying on neighbours. The Reign of Terror lasted for about 11 long months in 1793 and 1794. an estimated of 200000 people were arrested while an average of 17000 people were killed.One person that was in this number of 17000 people killed was an extraordinary women called Olympe de Gouges. Olympe challenged the revolution because the rights of Declaration Of man excluded women. she wrote a remedy on this situation and wrote pamphlets with the title of " Declaration of Rights Of Women And Man". She was also a one that spoke her mind and told that she thought that is was wrong to execute the king. Olympe de Gouges was arrested in 1793 acused and found guilty of treason leading her to death.

Above is a picture representing when King Louis XVI got beheaded.



The Reign of terror ended in 1794. over the years the government of France was struggling for power. Then one man came to the rescue that man was Napolean. In 1799 napolean emerged as a strong and great leaderand brought order in France. He conquered  most of Europe by beating a series of  wars. In the end Napolean was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo and died in 1821. Napolean is now remembered as an inspriational leader and is still rememmbered to this date.


These are that 5 external factors that helped shape nationalism in France.